Mishipa ya damu ni nini?
Mishipa ya damu ni bomba zinazofanana paipu zenye uwazi ambazo husafarisha damu kwenye mwili wako. Damu hufikisha oksijeni na virutubishi kwenye sehemu zote za mwili wako na kuondoa uchafu, kama vile kaboni dioksidi.
Kuna aina 2 kuu za mishipa ya damu—ateri na vena
Ateri husafirisha damu mpya kutoka kwenye moyo hadi kwenye viungo vyako
Vena husafirisha damu iliyojaa takataka na kuirudisha kweye moyo wako
Ateri na vena zimeunganishwa kwa mishipa midogo sana inayoitwa kapilari
Ateri zina kuta nene zilizofunikwa kwa misuli Ateri zinahitaji kuwa imara kwa sababu shinikizo la damu ni la juu zaidi kwenye ateri. Ateri za misuli yako wakati wote hubana na kuachia ili kusaidia katika kurekebisha shinikizo la damu.
Vena zina kuta nyembamba zenye misuli kidogo tu. Shinikizo la damu liko chini katika vena. Vena zinaweza kutanuka ili kukabili ongezeko la damu. Baadhi ya vena zina vali zinazozuia damu kurudi nyuma.
Mishipa yako ya damu na moyo wako ni sehemu za mfumo wa moyo na mishipa
Mishipa ya damu: Kuzungusha Damu
Blood travels from the heart in arteries, which branch into smaller and smaller vessels, eventually becoming arterioles. Arterioles connect with even smaller blood vessels called capillaries. Through the thin walls of the capillaries, oxygen and nutrients pass from blood into tissues, and waste products pass from tissues into blood. From the capillaries, blood passes into venules, then into veins to return to the heart. Arteries and arterioles have relatively thick muscular walls because blood pressure in them is high and because they must adjust their diameter to maintain blood pressure and to control blood flow. Veins and venules have much thinner, less muscular walls than arteries and arterioles, largely because the pressure in veins and venules is much lower. Veins may dilate to accommodate increased blood volume. |
Mishipa ya damu inaweza kupata hitilafu gani?
Ikiwa mshipa wa damu utakatwa au kuchanika, utavuja damu, kwa nje au kwa ndani katika viungo vyako. Matatizo mengine ya kawaida ya mishipa ya damu ni pamoja na:
Atherosklerosisi (ateri kuwa ngumu), ambapo mkusanyiko wa mafuta huziba ateri zako
Kuvimba kwa mshipa, ambapo ni viuvimbe kwenye sehemu dhaifu za kuta za ateri zako
Kuganda kwa damu kunaweza kutokea kwenye vena (huitwa mvilio wa damu kwenye mshipa wa ndani) au ateri zako, hivyo kusababisha kizuizi cha ghafla
Vaskulitisi, ambapo mishipa ya damu huvimba
Vena zilizovimba daima, ambapo vena zilizo karibu na tabaka la juu la ngozi yako hutanuka na kugeuzwa
