Je, homa ya nyani ni nini?
Homa ya nyani ni maambukizi yanayosababishwa na virusi vya homa ya nyani. Virusi vya homa ya nyani ni sehemu ya familia ile ile ya virusi ambavyo vinasababisha ndui. Lakini, homa ya nyani si kali sana ikilinganishwa na ndui. Homa ya nyani haina uhusiano wowote na tetekuwanga.
Homa ya nyani inaweza kusababisha upele unaofanana na chunusi au malengelenge
Kwa kawaida dalili hudumu kwa wiki 2 hadi 4
Homa ya nyani inaweza kusambaa kwa mtu yeyote kupitia kukaribiana, kugusana kimwili
Matukio mengi ya homa ya nyani hayahitaji matibabu maalumu, lakini baadhi ya matukio hutibiwa kwa dawa
Kuna chanjo ya kuzuia homa ya nyani
Ni mara chache sana kwa homa ya nyani kusababisha kifo
Mwaka 2022, matukio ya homa ya nyani yaliripotiwa katika nchi ambazo kwa kawaida hazina maambukizi ya homa ya nyani, lakini idadi ya matukio mapya nchini Marekani imepungua kwa kiasi kikubwa tangu ifike kileleni mnamo Agosti 2022. Kabla ya 2022, mara nyingi homa ya nyani ilisababisha ugonjwa katika Afrika ya kati na Magharibi.
Je, zipi ni dalili za homa ya nyani?
Upele ndio dalili ya kawaida ya homa ya nyani. Upele wa homa ya nyani:
Unaweza kuwa wenye uchungu au kuwasha
Huanza kama madoa bapa, yenye rangi nyekundu
Hubadilika na kuwa malengelenge yaliyovimba yenye kufanana chunusi
Mara nyingi huanza kwenye au karibu na sehemu za siri au mdomoni
Pia yanaweza kuwa kwenye mikono, miguu, kifua, uso au mdomo
Magamba na magaga juu kabla ya kupona
Dalili zingine zinaweza kutoke kabla, wakati, au baada ya upele kutokea:
Homa
Baridi
Maumivu ya kichwa
Maumivu ya misuli
Maumivu ya mgongo
Kuhisi uchovu kupita kiasi
Vifundo vya limfu vilivyovimba (wakati mwingine huitwa "tezi zilizovimba")
Dalili zinaweza kuanza wiki 1 hadi 3 baada ya kupata maambukizi. Unaweza kueneza virusi kwa mtu mwingine tangu dalili zinapoanza. Unaacha kueneza virusi mara tu vidonda vyote vinapogeuka kuwa magamba, magaga kuanguka, na una ngozi yenye afya mahali ambapo magaga yalikuwepo. Kwa kawaida hii huchukua wiki 2 hadi 4.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image courtesy of the Public Health Image Library of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from U.K. Health Security Agency.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from U.K. Health Security Agency.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from U.K. Health Security Agency.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from U.K. Health Security Agency.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from NHS England High Consequence Infectious Disease Network.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from NHS England High Consequence Infectious Disease Network.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
RICHARD USATINE MD / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image courtesy of the Public Health Image Library of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from U.K. Health Security Agency.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from U.K. Health Security Agency.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from U.K. Health Security Agency.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from U.K. Health Security Agency.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from NHS England High Consequence Infectious Disease Network.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
Image from NHS England High Consequence Infectious Disease Network.
The rash of mpox resembles that of smallpox. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the rash would often begin on the face and spread to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Skin lesions on any part of the body were similar and clustered together.
In the 2022 global outbreak, the rash often starts on or near the genitals or in the mouth, is often painful, and may not spread or progress through the typical stages.
RICHARD USATINE MD / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Je, madaktari wanawezaje kujua ikiwa nina homa ya nyani?
Ikiwa una upele unaofanana na upele wa homa ya nyani, daktari wako atakufanyia vipimo vya homa ya nyani.
Vipimo hufanyika kwenye sampuli kutoka kwenye upele.
Pia, unaweza kufanya kipimo cha damu.
Je, madaktari hutibu vipi homa ya nyani?
Watu wengi hupona kabisa ndani ya wiki 2 hadi 4 bila matibabu.
Madaktari wanaweza kutibu dalili zako kwa dawa za maumivu, majimaji na utunzaji wa jeraha ili kukusaidia kujisikia vizuri zaidi.
Dawa zinazotumika kutibu ndui zinaweza kutolewa kwa watu ambao wako katika hatari kubwa ya kuumwa sana kwa sababu ya homa ya nyani. Kwa mfano, dawa zinaweza kutolewa kwa watu wenye mfumo dhaifu wa kingamwili.
Je, ninawezaje kuzuia homa ya nyani?
Kuna chanjo ya kuzuia homa ya nyani.
Unapaswa kuchanjwa iwapo umeathiriwa na homa ya nyani.
Baadhi ya watu wako kwenye hatari kubwa ya kupata homa ya nyani kuliko wengine. Watu walio kwenye hatari kubwa zaidi wanapaswa kuchanjwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na watu ambao:
Wametambuliwa na maafisa wa afya ya umma kama mawasiliano ya mtu mwenye homa ya nyani
Wamejamiiana na mtu ambaye amegunduliwa kuwa na homa ya nyani ndani ya wiki 2 zilizopita
Wameshiriki ngono na wenza wengi katika kipindi cha wiki 2 zilizopita katika eneo lenye kujulikana kuwa lina homa ya nyani
Wanafanya kazi ambazo zinaweza kufanya waathiriwe na homa ya nyani, kama vile kwenye maabara au wafanyakazi wa huduma za afya
Iwapo unapaswa kuchanjwa, muulize daktari wako au idara ya afya ya eneo lako wakuelekeze mahali ambapo unaweza kupata chanjo.
Iwapo una homa ya nyani, unapaswa:
Kukaa nyumbani na ujitenge na watu hadi tabaka jipya la ngozi litokee mahali ambapo palikuwa na magaga
Epuka kugusana kimwili na watu wengine na wanyama
Usichangie vitu binafsi, kama vile mashuka ya kitanda, taulo, nguo, bilauri za vinywaji, au vyombo vya chakula
Safisha na kutakasa sehemu za juu za vitu vinavyoguswa mara kwa mara
Vaa barakoa ikiwa kuna ulazima wa kukutana na watu wengine