Nyenzo za Mada
An estimated 1 to 3 per 100,000 apparently healthy young athletes develop an abrupt-onset heart rhythm abnormality and die suddenly during exercise. Males are affected up to 10 times more often than females. Basketball and football players in the United States and soccer players in Europe may be at highest risk.
Sababu za Kifo cha Ghafla cha Moyo kwa Wanariadha
Generally, the causes of sudden death during exercise are very different in young athletes than in older athletes. However, in all athletes, asthma, heatstroke, and the use of performance-enhancing or recreational drugs may help trigger death due to sudden abnormal heart rhythms.
Wanariadha wachanga
In young athletes, most sudden cardiac death occurs in people who have no abnormality of the heart structure. When there is an abnormality of heart structure, the most common one is abnormal thickening of the heart muscle (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy).
Other heart disorders that are present from birth, such as long QT syndrome or Brugada syndrome, cause abnormal heart rhythms and may also cause sudden death in young athletes.
Less commonly, undetected heart enlargement (dilated cardiomyopathy) may be present in a young person who has no symptoms, and the person may die suddenly during or after vigorous exercise. Inflammation of the heart muscle, usually due to a viral infection (myocarditis), can cause heart enlargement and abnormal rhythms, such as ventricular tachycardia, leading to sudden cardiac death.
Abnormalities of the coronary arteries, especially when one of the arteries takes an abnormal path through, rather than on top of, the heart muscle, may also cause sudden death in athletes when the compression cuts off blood flow to the heart during exercise.
Young athletes with inherited conditions, such as Marfan syndrome, that cause weakness in the wall of the aorta (the major artery leading from the heart) may develop a tear (aortic dissection) or a bulge (aortic aneurysm) that can rupture and lead to massive bleeding and sudden death.
Rarely, young, thin athletes may also have sudden heart rhythm disturbances if they experience a strong blow to the area directly over the heart (commotio cordis) even when they have no heart disorder. The blow often involves a fast-moving projectile such as a baseball, hockey puck, or lacrosse ball or impact with another player.
Wanariadha wazee
In older athletes, the most common cause is
Occasionally, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or heart valve disease is a cause. The causes common in younger athletes may also be causes in older athletes.
Dalili za Kifo cha Ghafla cha Moyo kwa Wanariadha
Some athletes have warning signs such as fainting or shortness of breath. Often, however, athletes do not recognize or report these symptoms, and the first sign is that the person suddenly stops breathing and collapses.
Matibabu ya Kifo cha Ghafla cha Moyo kwa Wanariadha
Resuscitation
If people stop breathing and collapse, immediate treatment is with
Use of an automated external defibrillator if available
Resuscitation is continued in the emergency department. If the person survives, doctors treat the condition that caused the abnormal rhythm. Sometimes doctors place an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, which continually monitors the person's heart rhythm and delivers a shock to return the rhythm to normal if needed.
Defaibrileta ya Nje ya Kiotomatiki: Kuanzisha Moyo Upya
Defaibrileta ya nje ya kiotomatiki (AED) ni kifaa ambacho kinaweza kutambua na kusahihisha aina ya mdundo wa moyo usio wa kawaida unaoitwa fibrilesheni ya ventrikali. Fibrilesheni ya ventrikali husababisha mshtuko wa moyo. Ni rahisi kutumia AED. Mashirika mengi hutoa mafunzo kuhusu matumizi ya AED. Vipindi vingi vya mazoezi vinachukua tu saa chache; lakini kunawezekana kutumia AED hata kama haujawai shiriki katika kozi ya mafunzo. AED tofauti zina maelekezo tofauti ya matumizi. Maelekezo yameandikwa kwenye AED, na nyingi pia hutumia maagizo ya sauti kuwaongoza watumiaji katika kila hatua. AED zinapatikana katika sehemu nyingi za kukusanyika, kama vile stadia, viwanja vya ndege na kumbi za tamasha. Watu ambao wanaambiwa na daktari wao kuwa wana uwezekano mkubwa wa kupata fibrilesheni ya ventrikali lakini ambao hawana defaibrileta iliyopandikizwa wanaweza kutaka kununua AED ya matumizi ya nyumbani ya wanafamilia, ambao wanapaswa kufunzwa kwa matumizi yake. |
Taarifa Zaidi
The following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.
Nick of Time Foundation: This organization works to increase survival of sudden cardiac arrest with awareness, "hands-only" CPR training, advocacy for having defibrillators in all public places, and access to screening for young athletes.
