- Muhtasari wa Umio
- Muhtasari wa Jeraha ya Umio
- Muhtasari wa Uzuizi wa Umio
- Msukumo Usio wa Kawaida wa Chakula
- Achalasia
- Dysphagia Lusoria
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Mikoba ya Umio (Diverticula)
- Vidonda vya Umio wa Koo
- Mkazo wa Ghafla wa Umio
- Utando wa Umio
- Ugonjwa wa Refluksi Gastroesofajia (GERD)
- Ngiri ya Hiatasi
- Maambukizo wa Umio
- Valve ya chini ya mrija wa chakula
- Ugonjwa wa Mallory-Weiss
- Matatizo ya Mshipa wa Damu ya Koo
Infection of the esophagus occurs mainly in people who have impaired defense mechanisms that protect the esophagus from infection. The main causes of infection are Candida albicans, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus.
Nyenzo za Mada
The esophagus is the hollow tube that leads from the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. (See also Overview of the Esophagus.)
There are several defense mechanisms that protect the esophagus against infection. These defenses include saliva, the normal movement (contractions) of the esophagus, and the cells of the immune system.
In healthy people, these defenses prevent infection. However, people who have impaired defenses, such as those who have HIV, an organ transplant, alcohol use disorder, diabetes, a weakened or impaired immune system, undernutrition, cancer, or movement (motility) disorders of the esophagus, are at risk of infection. Additionally, swallowed or inhaled corticosteroids may put people at increased risk of infection of the esophagus. Candida infection may occur in any of these people.
Herpes simplex virus infection and cytomegalovirus infection of the esophagus occur mainly in people who have HIV or who have had an organ transplant and are taking medications that suppress the immune system.
Je, Ulijua...
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Dalili za Maambukizi ya Umio
Pain with swallowing (odynophagia) is the typical symptom. Some people also notice difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
Esophageal infections also cause ulcers (sores) and irritation and swelling of the esophagus (esophagitis).
Utambuzi vya Vidonda vya Umio wa Koo
Endoscopy
Sometimes, the doctor can see signs of Candida infection in the mouth (thrush) in people who have Candida infection of the esophagus. Usually there are no abnormalities in the mouth of people with herpes simplex virus infections or cytomegalovirus infection.
To diagnose an infection of the esophagus, usually the doctor looks down the esophagus using a flexible viewing tube (endoscopy). During endoscopy, doctors usually remove tissue for examination under a microscope (biopsy).
Matibabu ya Vidonda vya Umio wa Koo
For Candida infection, antifungals
For herpes simplex virus or cytomegalovirus infection, antivirals
People with Candida are given an antifungal such as fluconazole. The medication is given as a pill or, if people are having trouble swallowing, it can be given by injection into a vein.
People with herpes simplex virus infections are given antivirals such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir. They are given by mouth or by injection into a vein.
People with cytomegalovirus infection are given antivirals such as ganciclovir given by injection into a vein or valganciclovir given by mouth.
