Kuelewa Istilahi za Tiba
Kwa kuangalia mara ya kwanza, istilahi za tiba zinaweza kuonekana kama lugha ya kigeni. Lakini mara nyingi, msingi wa kuelewa istilahi za tiba ni kuzingatia vipengele vyake (viambishi awali, mizizi na viambishi tamati). Kwa mfano, spondylolysis ni mchanganyiko wa "spondylo," ambayo inamaanisha pingili la uti wa mgongo, na "lysis," ambayo inamaanisha kuvunja, na hivyo inamaanisha kuvunjika kwa pingili la uti wa mgongo.
Vipengele hivyo sawa hutumiwa katika istilahi nyingi za tiba. "Spondylo" pamoja na "itis," ambayo inamaanisha kuvimba, huunda spondylitis, ambayo ni kuvimba kwa pingili la uti wa mgongo. Kiambishi awali sawa pamoja na "malacia," ambayo inamaanisha uororo, huunda spondylomalacia, uororo wa pingili la uti wa mgongo.
Kujua maana ya idadi ndogo ya vipengele kuweza kusaidia katika kufasiri idadi kubwa ya istilahi za tiba. Orodha ifuatayo inafafanua viambishi awali, mizizi na viambishi tamati vingi vya tiba vinavyotumiwa sana.
| a(n) | kutokuwepo kwa |
| acou, acu | sikia |
| aden(o) | tezi |
| aer(o) | hewa |
| alg | maumivu |
| andr(o) | mwanamume |
| angi(o) | mishipa |
| ankyl(o) | yenye matege, iliyopinda |
| ante | kabla |
| anter(i) | mbele, kuelekea mbele |
| anti | dhidi ya |
| arteri(o) | ateri |
| arthr(o) | kiungo |
| articul | kiungo |
| ather(o) | yenye mafuta mengi |
| audi(o) | kusikia |
| aur(i) | sikio |
| aut(o) | binafsi |
| bi, bis | mara mbili, mara dufu, mbili |
| brachy | fupi |
| brady | polepole |
| bucc(o) | shavu |
| carcin(o) | saratani |
| cardi(o) | moyo |
| cephal(o) | kichwa |
| cerebr(o) | ubongo |
| cervic | shingo |
| chol(e) | nyongo, au kurejelea kibofu nyongo |
| chondr(o) | gegedu |
| circum | kandokando, karibu |
| contra | dhidi ya, kinyume na |
| corpor | mwili |
| cost(o) | ubavu |
| crani(o) | fuvu la kichwa |
| cry(o) | mafua |
| cut | ngozi |
| cyan(o) | bluu |
| cyst(o) | kibofu cha mkojo |
| cyt(o) | seli |
| dactyl(o) | kidole cha mkono au kidole cha mguu |
| dent | jino |
| derm(ato) | ngozi |
| dipl(o) | vitu viwili |
| dors | nyuma |
| dys | mbaya, yenye kasoro, isiyo ya kawaida |
| ectomy | kata (kuondoa kwa kukata) |
| emia | damu |
| encephal(o) | ubongo |
| end(o) | ndani |
| enter(o) | utumbo |
| epi | ya nje, ya juujuu, juu ya |
| erythr(o) | nyekundu |
| eu | ya kawaida |
| extra | nje |
| gastr(o) | tumbo |
| gen | kuwa, chimbuka |
| gloss(o) | ulimi |
| glyc(o) | tamu, au kurejelea glukosi |
| gram, graph | andika, rekodi |
| gyn | mwanamke |
| hem(ato) | damu |
| hemi | nusu |
| hepat(o) | ini |
| hist(o) | tishu |
| hydr(o) | maji |
| hyper | kupita kiasi, ya juu |
| hypo | upungufu, ya chini |
| hyster(o) | uterasi |
| iatr(o) | daktari |
| infra | chini ya |
| inter | miongoni, kati ya |
| intra | ndani |
| itis | kuvimba |
| lact(o) | maziwa |
| lapar(o) | ubavu, tumbo |
| latero | upande |
| leuk(o) | nyeupe |
| lingu(o) | ulimi |
| lip(o) | mafuta |
| lys(is) | yeyusha |
| mal | mbaya, yenye kasoro |
malac | ororo |
mamm(o) | titi |
mast(o) | titi |
megal(o) | kubwa |
melan(o) | nyeusi |
mening(o) | tando |
my(o) | misuli |
myc(o) | Kuvu |
myel(o) | uboho wa mfupa |
nas(o) | pua |
necr(o) | kifo |
nephr(o) | figo |
neur(o) | neva |
nutri | lishe |
ocul(o) | jicho |
odyn(o) | maumivu |
oma | uvimbe |
onc(o) | uvimbe |
oophor(o) | ovari |
ophthalm(o) | jicho |
opia | kuona |
opsy | uchunguzi |
orchi(o) | korodani |
osis | maradhi |
osse(o) | mfupa |
oste(o) | mfupa |
ot(o) | sikio |
path(o) | ugonjwa |
ped(o) | mtoto |
penia | upungufu, kasoro |
peps, pept | kumeng'enya |
peri | pande zote za kuzunguka |
phag(o) | kula, kuharibu |
pharmaco | dawa |
pharyng(o) | koo |
phleb(o) | vena |
phob(ia) | woga |
plasty | ukarabati |
pleg(ia) | kupooza |
pnea | Kupumua |
pneum(ato) | pumzi, hewa |
pneumon(o) | mapafu |
pod(o) | mguu |
poie | tengeneza, zalisha |
poly | nyingi, tele |
post | baada |
poster(i) | mgongo, makalio |
presby | mzee |
proct(o) | mkundu |
pseud(o) | uongo |
psych(o) | akili |
pulmon(o) | mapafu |
pyel(o) | fupanyonga la figo |
pyr(o) | joto jingi, moto |
rachi(o) | uti |
ren(o) | figo |
rhag | kuvunjika, kupasuka |
rhe | mtiririko |
rhin(o) | pua |
scler(o) | ngumu |
scope | zana |
scopy | uchunguzi |
somat(o) | mwili |
spondyl(o) | pingili la uti wa mgongo |
steat(o) | mafuta |
sten(o) | nyembamba, iliyobanwa |
steth(o) | kifua |
stom | mdomo, nafasi wazi |
supra | juu |
tachy | haraka, upesi |
therap | matibabu |
therm(o) | joto |
thorac(o) | kifua |
thromb(o) | mgando wa damu, tonge |
tomy | mkato (upasuaji kwa kukata) |
tox(i) | sumu |
uria | mkojo |
vas(o) | mishipa |
ven(o) | vena |
vesic(o) | kibofu cha mkojo |
xer(o) | kavu |