Causes of an Enlarged Spleen

Category

Specific Cause

Anemias

Blood cancers and myeloproliferative neoplasms

  1. Hodgkin lymphoma and other lymphomas

  2. Leukemia

  3. Myelofibrosis

  4. Polycythemia vera

Infections

Storage diseases

Other causes

  • Amyloidosis

  • Blood clot in a vein from the spleen or to the liver

  • Cirrhosis

  • Cysts in the spleen

  • External pressure on veins from the spleen or to the liver

  • Felty syndrome (a subset of people with rheumatoid arthritis who also develop low white blood cell count and an enlarged spleen)

  • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (formerly called Hand-Schüller-Christian disease and Letterer-Siwe disease)

  • Sarcoidosis

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)