Unexplained infertility is diagnosed when sperm in the male partner is normal and when eggs, ovulation, fallopian tubes, and the uterus are normal in the female partner.
(See also Overview of Infertility.)
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Controlled ovarian stimulation
Sometimes assisted reproductive technologies
When no explanation for infertility is identified, an approach called controlled ovarian stimulation may be used.
Controlled ovarian stimulation may make pregnancy more likely and may help women become pregnant more quickly. This treatment may result in more than 1 fetus.
Controlled ovarian stimulation involves the following:
Women are given a fertility medication (clomiphene), which stimulates several eggs to mature and be released, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which stimulates ovulation, for up to three menstrual cycles.
Semen is placed directly in the uterus to bypass the mucus (intrauterine insemination) within 2 days after treatment with hCG.
If pregnancy does not result after this treatment, one of the following may be done:
Another method of controlled ovarian stimulation, which involves giving women human gonadotropins (preparations containing hormones that stimulate the follicles of the ovaries to mature), followed by hCG to stimulate ovulation, then intrauterine insemination
Because multifetal pregnancy is a risk, clinicians often proceed directly to in vitro fertilization and avoid controlled ovarian stimulation.
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Women have the same chance of pregnancy (about 65%) whether unsuccessful treatment with clomiphene plus hCG is followed by stimulation with gonadotropins plus hCG or immediately by in vitro fertilization. However, women become pregnant more quickly and are less likely to have a pregnancy with 3 or more fetuses when unsuccessful treatment with clomiphene is immediately followed by in vitro fertilization. Thus, if clomiphene plus intrauterine insemination is unsuccessful, the next step is often in vitro fertilization.
Some evidence suggests that women who are over age 38 and have unexplained infertility conceive more quickly when in vitro fertilization is done rather than proceeding to controlled ovarian stimulation.
