Інтерпретація відхилень від норми на ЕКГ
Abnormal Component | Description | Possible Causes |
|---|---|---|
P waves | Abnormal | Left or right atrial hypertrophy, atrial escape (ectopic) beats |
P waves | Absent | Atrial fibrillation, sinus node arrest or exit block, hyperkalemia (severe) |
P-P interval | Varying | Sinus arrhythmia |
PR interval | Long | |
PR interval | Varying | Mobitz type I atrioventricular block, multifocal atrial tachycardia |
QRS complex | Wide | Right or left bundle branch block, ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation, hyperkalemia |
QT interval | Long | Myocardial infarction, myocarditis, stress cardiomyopathy, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypothyroidism, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, stroke, congenital long QT syndrome, antiarrhythmics (eg, sotalol, amiodarone, quinidine), tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, other drugs |
QT interval | Short | Hypercalcemia, hypermagnesemia, Graves disease, digoxin |
ST segment | Depression | Myocardial ischemia; acute posterior myocardial infarction; digoxin; ventricular hypertrophy; pulmonary embolism; left bundle branch block in leads V5–V6 and possibly in I and aVL; right bundle branch block in leads V1–V3 and possibly in II, III, and aVF; hyperventilation; hypokalemia |
ST segment | Elevation | Myocardial ischemia, acute myocardial infarction, left bundle branch block in leads V1–V3 and possibly in II, III, and aVF, acute pericarditis, left ventricular hypertrophy, hyperkalemia, pulmonary embolism, digoxin, normal variation (eg, athlete's heart), hypothermia |
T wave | Tall | Hyperkalemia, acute myocardial infarction, left bundle branch block, stroke, ventricular hypertrophy |
T wave | Small, flattened, or inverted | Myocardial ischemia, myocarditis, age, race, hyperventilation, anxiety, drinking hot or cold beverages, left ventricular hypertrophy, certain drugs (eg, digoxin), pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, conduction disturbances (eg, right bundle branch block), electrolyte disturbances (eg, hypokalemia), stress cardiomyopathy |
U wave | Prominent | Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, ischemia |