Протимікробні засоби для укусів
Drug | Dose | Comments |
|---|---|---|
Human and dog bites | ||
Amoxicillin/clavulanate | 500–875 mg orally 2 times a day | For outpatients Prophylaxis: Give for 3 days Treatment: Give for 5–7 days |
Ampicillin/sulbactam | 1.5–3.0 g IV every 6 hours | For inpatients Effective against alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Eikenella corrodens |
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus | 160/800 mg IV every 12 hours | For penicillin-allergic patients (use weight-appropriate doses for children) |
Clindamycin | 150–300 mg IV every 6 hours | |
Doxycycline | 100 mg orally or IV every 12 hours | Alternative for dog bites in penicillin-allergic patients, except children < 8 years and pregnant women |
Clindamycin plus | 150–300 mg orally or IV every 6 hours | Alternative for dog bites in adults |
A fluoroquinolone (eg, ciprofloxacin) | 500 mg orally every 12 hours (ciprofloxacin) | |
Cat bites* | ||
A fluoroquinolone (eg, ciprofloxacin) | 500 mg orally 2 times a day for 5–7 days | For prophylaxis and treatment in adults Effective against P. multocida† |
Clarithromycin | 500 mg orally 2 times a day for 7–10 days | Alternative for children |
Clindamycin | 150–300 mg orally 4 times a day for 7–10 days | Alternative for children |
Monkey bites‡ | ||
Acyclovir | 800 mg IV 5 times/day for 14 days | For prophylaxis |
* Squirrel, gerbil, rabbit, and guinea pig bites rarely become infected, but when they do, they can be treated with the same drugs used to treat infected cat bites. | ||
† Bartonella henselae— Professional. Хвороба котячих подряпин—is also transmitted by cat bites. | ||
‡ For treatment of infected monkey bites, use antibacterial drugs similar to those used for infected human and dog bites. | ||