Classification of Some Dementias

Beta-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles

Alzheimer disease

Tau abnormalities

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Corticobasal ganglionic degeneration

Frontotemporal dementia (including Pick disease)

Progressive supranuclear palsy

Alpha-synuclein abnormalities

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Parkinson disease dementia

Autoimmune disorders

Autoimmune dementia, including postencephalitis syndromes

Huntingtin gene mutation

Huntington disease

Cerebrovascular disease

Vascular dementias:

• Binswanger disease

• Lacunar disease

• Multi-infarct dementia

• Strategic single-infarct dementia

• Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL)

Ingestion of drugs or toxins

Alcohol-associated dementia

Dementia due to exposure to heavy metals

Infections

Fungal: Dementia due to cryptococcosis

Spirochetal: Dementia due to syphilis or Lyme disease

Viral:HIV-associated dementia,

Paraneoplastic disorders

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome with dementia

Prion disorders

Alzheimer disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Frontotemporal dementia

Huntington disease

Parkinson disease

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Structural brain disorders

Brain tumors

Chronic subdural hematomas

Normal-pressure hydrocephalus

White matter disorders: Adult-onset leukodystrophies, multiple sclerosis

Other potentially reversible disorders

Depression

Hypothyroidism

Vitamin B12 deficiency