honeypot link
skip to main content
skip to main content
Professional
Consumer
MSD Manual
Professional Version
MEDICAL TOPICS
RESOURCES
COMMENTARY
PROCEDURES
QUIZZES
ABOUT US
MEDICAL TOPICS
RESOURCES
Professional
/
Clinical Pharmacology
/
Concepts in Pharmacotherapy
/
Concepts in Pharmacotherapy
Expand all
Collapse all
Introduction to Concepts in Pharmacotherapy
Drug Development
Drug Efficacy and Safety
Efficacy and Effectiveness
Patient-oriented outcomes
Surrogate outcomes
Adverse Effects
Balancing Drug Benefits and Adverse Effects
Therapeutic index
Drug Errors
Special subpopulations
Unclear prescriptions
Inappropriate use of drugs
Improper storage of drugs
Drug expiration date exceeded
Patient error
Miscommunication among health care providers
Placebos
Placebo effects
Use of placebos in clinical trials
Use of placebos in clinical practice
Ethical considerations