Drugs

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Overview of Medications

• Overview of Medication Safety and Effectiveness
  • Prescription or nonprescription medications
  • Medication names
  • Medication groups and classes
  • Making the most of treatment with medications

• Evaluating Medication Effectiveness and Safety
  • More Information
  • Drug Design and Development
    • Stages of Drug Development
  • Placebos
  • Benefits Versus Risks of Medications

• Medication Errors
  • Using medication organizers
  • Understanding prescriptions
  • Prescribing medications
  • Dispensing and administering medications
  • Storing medications properly
  • Taking expired medications

• Adverse Drug Reactions
  • Severity of Adverse Drug Reactions
  • Risk Factors for Adverse Drug Reactions
    • Use of Several Medications
    • Age
    • Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
  • Overdose Toxicity

Administration and Kinetics of Drugs

• Introduction to Administration and Kinetics of Drugs

• Drug Administration
  • Oral route
  • Injection routes
  • Sublingual and buccal routes
  • Rectal route
  • Vaginal route
  • Ocular route
  • Otic route
  • Nasal route
  • Inhalation route
  • Nebulization route
  • Cutaneous route
  • Transdermal route

• Drug Absorption
  • Tablets
  • Capsules
  • Enteric coatings
  • Controlled-release formulations
  • Causes of Low Bioavailability

• Drug Distribution Within the Body

• Drug Metabolism

• Drug Elimination
  • Drug elimination in the urine
  • Drug elimination in the bile
  • Other forms of drug elimination

• Nanomedicine

Brand-Name and Generic Drugs

• Overview of Generic Drugs and Drug Naming
  • Patent Protection for Drugs
  • Nonprescription Generic Drugs
  • More Information

• Bioequivalence and Interchangeability of Generic Drugs
  • Bioequivalence
  • Evaluation and approval procedures
  • Interchangeability and substitution
  • More Information

• Generic Biologic Drugs

Drug Dynamics

• Definition of Drug Dynamics

• Drug Action
  • Reversibility
  • Affinity and Intrinsic Activity
  • Potency, Efficacy, and Effectiveness

• Site Selectivity
  • Receptors on Cells
    • Agonists and antagonists
  • Enzymes
  • Chemical Interactions

Factors Affecting Response to Medications

• Overview of Response to Medications
  • Effects of age on drug response

• Adherence to Medication
  • Results of not adhering
  • Children and adherence
  • Older adults and adherence
  • Improving adherence

• Drug Interactions
  • Drug-Drug Interactions
    • Duplication
    • Opposition (antagonism)
    • Alteration
  • Drug-Nutrient Interactions
    • Food
    • Dietary supplements
    • Alcohol
  • Drug-Disease Interactions

• Genetic Makeup and Response to Medications

• Tolerance and Resistance to Medications
  • Tolerance
  • Resistance
  • Prevention and Treatment

Over-the-Counter Medications

• Overview of Over-the-Counter Medications
  • History of Medication Regulation in the United States
  • Safety Considerations
    • Reclassifying prescription medications as over-the-counter medications
  • Choosing and using over-the-counter medications
  • Reading the labels of over-the-counter medications
  • More Information

• Precautions With Over-the-Counter Medications
  • Children
  • Older Adults
  • Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
  • People With Chronic Disorders
  • Drug-Drug Interactions
  • Medication Overlap
  • More Information