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MSD Manual
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HEALTH TOPICS
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Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders
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Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Medical History and Physical Examination in Musculoskeletal Disorders
Medical History
Pain
Stiffness
Fatigue
Joint instability
Physical Examination
Bones and joints
Muscles and nerves
Tests for Musculoskeletal Disorders
Laboratory Tests
Imaging Tests
X-rays
Bone scanning
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Ultrasonography
Other Diagnostic Procedures
Arthroscopy
Joint aspiration (arthrocentesis)
Nerve and muscle tests