Деякі респіраторні віруси
Principal Syndromes | Prevalence and Distribution | Specific Therapy | Specific Prevention* |
|---|---|---|---|
Epidemic influenza viruses A, B, and C and avian influenza viruses | |||
AFRD | Global A and B: Seasonal (winter) epidemics, occasionally pandemic C: Endemic | A and B: Baloxavir, oseltamivir or zanamivir | A and B:Influenza vaccine, baloxavir, oseltamivir or zanamivir |
Avian H5N1 and avian H7N9: Poultry-associated | Oseltamivir, zanamivir, and possibly baloxavir | Avoiding contact with saliva, mucous, or feces of infected birds | |
Parainfluenza viruses 1–4 | |||
Acute febrile respiratory disease (children) | 1: Local epidemics 1, 2, and 3: Widespread in children | None | Vaccines under investigation |
Adenoviruses | |||
Acute febrile respiratory disease (children) Acute respiratory disease (adults and children) Acute pharyngoconjunctival fever Acute follicular conjunctivitis Diarrhea Hemorrhagic cystitis | Global Mostly children | None | Vaccine containing types 4 and 7 for epidemics in military populations |
Coronaviruses | |||
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | Local origin becomes widespread SARS: China; no cases after 2004 MERS: Arabian Peninsula COVID-19: Global pandemic 2020 | SARS: Remdesivir, corticosteroids, anticoagulants MERS: None COVID-19: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, molnupiravir, monoclonal antibodies | COVID-19:Vaccines MERS: Avoid contact with camels |
Orthohantaviruses | |||
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) (eg, due to Sin Nombre hantavirus, Black Creek Canal virus, Bayou virus, or New York virus) Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) (eg, Hantaan, Seoul, and Dobrava viruses) | HPS: North, Central, and South America HFRS: Global | None for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome IV ribavirin for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome | Rodent control |
Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus | |||
Lower respiratory illness (infants) Mild upper respiratory illness (adults) | Widespread in children | Ribavirin sometimes used in immunocompromised patients | Palivizumab IM monthly (only for certain infants at high risk of respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] infection) |
Rhinoviruses | |||
Acute coryza with or without fever | Universal, especially during cold months | None | None |
* Nonspecific precautions (eg, avoidance of infected patients and insect and animal vectors, routine hygiene measures) are also recommended. | |||