Імуносупресанти, що використовуються для лікування відторгнення трансплантата
Immunosuppressant | Mechanism of action | Indication | Main Adverse Effects |
|---|---|---|---|
Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) | Inhibition of lymphocytes | Induction, maintenance, and treatment of acute rejection | Anaphylaxis, serum sickness, antigen-antibody–induced glomerulonephritis |
Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) | Inhibition of thymus cells | Induction, maintenance, and treatment of acute rejection | Anaphylaxis, serum sickness, antigen-antibody–induced glomerulonephritis |
Azathioprine | Purine metabolism inhibitor | Maintenance | Myelosuppression, hepatitis |
Basiliximab | Inhibition of T-cell proliferation by blocking the effect of IL-2 | Mostly induction | Infection, anaphylaxis, myeloproliferative disorders |
Belatacept | Antibody that inhibits T-cell costimulatory pathways | Maintenance | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, other viral infections |
Corticosteroids | Anti-inflammatory | Induction, maintenance, and adjunctive treatment of acute rejection | Diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis |
Cyclosporine | Calcineurin inhibition (blocking T-cell transcription) | Induction (rarely), maintenance, and treatment of acute and chronic rejection | Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, hypertrichosis, diabetes, hepatotoxicity, tophaceous gout, refractory hypertension, increased incidence of other tumors, gum hypertrophy |
Everolimus | Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), inhibiting lymphocyte response to cytokine stimulation | Maintenance | Interstitial pneumonitis, leg edema, hyperlipidemia, impaired wound healing, bone marrow depression |
Mycophenolate | Purine metabolism inhibitor | Maintenance | Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
Sirolimus | Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), inhibiting lymphocyte response to cytokine stimulation | Maintenance | Interstitial pneumonitis, leg edema, hyperlipidemia, impaired wound healing, bone marrow depression |
Tacrolimus | Calcineurin inhibition (blocking T-cell transcription) | Induction, maintenance, and treatment of acute and chronic rejection | Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hyperlipidemia, alopecia, hypertension |