Поширені лікарські причини гінекомастії*
Category | Drugs |
|---|---|
Antiandrogen drugs (inhibit androgen synthesis or activity) | Cyproterone (an antiandrogen used to treat prostate cancer or transgender females) Dutasteride and finasteride (5 alpha reductase inhibitors) Goserelin, histrelin, leuprolide, and triptorelin (GnRH agonists); degarelix, relugolix (GnRH antagonists) Flutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, abiraterone, darolutamide, apalutamide, and nilutamide (oral antiandrogens used to treat prostate cancer) |
Antimicrobials | Efavirenz Ethionamide Isoniazid Ketoconazole Metronidazole |
Antineoplastic drugs | Alkylating drugs Imatinib GnRH agonists and antagonists Methotrexate Vinca alkaloids |
Antiulcer drugs† | Cimetidine Ranitidine Omeprazole |
Cardiovascular drugs | ACE inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril) Amiodarone Calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine, diltiazem) Methyldopa Reserpine Spironolactone |
CNS-acting drugs | Diazepam Haloperidol Methadone Phenothiazines Tricyclic antidepressants |
Hormones | Androgens Anabolic steroids Estrogens Human growth hormone |
OTC herbal drugs | Lavender oil Tea tree oils |
Amphetamines Ethanol Heroin Marijuana | |
Other drugs | Auranofin Diethylpropion Domperidone Metoclopramide Phenytoin Penicillamine Sulindac Theophylline |
* Not all drugs that have been associated with gynecomastia have been shown to cause gynecomastia through challenge-rechallenge testing. | |
† Drugs are listed in order of frequency of association. | |
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; CNS = central nervous system; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone; OTC = over-the-counter. | |