Причини порушення сперматогенезу
Condition | Examples |
|---|---|
Endocrine disorders | Abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis Hypogonadism, sometimes related to obesity |
Genetic disorders | Gonadal dysgenesis Microdeletions of sections of the Y chromosome (in 10–15% of men with severely impaired spermatogenesis) |
Genitourinary disorders | Infections (eg, gonococcal or chlamydial urethritis) Injury Mumps orchitis Testicular atrophy Varicocele |
Heat | Exposure to excessive heat within the last 3 months Fever |
Medications or other substances* | Alcohol consumed in excessive amounts Anabolic steroids Androgens Antiandrogens (eg, bicalutamide, cyproterone, flutamide) Antimalarial drugs Aspirin when taken long term Caffeine in excessive amounts (possibly) Cannabis Chlorambucil Cimetidine Colchicine Corticosteroids Cotrimoxazole Cyclophosphamide Ethanol Estrogens Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (to treat prostate cancer) Ketoconazole Medroxyprogesterone Methotrexate Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Nitrofurantoin Opioids Spironolactone Sulfasalazine |
Certain toxins | Heavy metals Pesticides Phthalates Polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) |
* Other medications and other substances can be harmful, but those listed are more significant. | |