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Professional
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MSD Manual
Professional Version
MEDICAL TOPICS
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MEDICAL TOPICS
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Professional
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Pulmonary Disorders
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Mediastinal and Pleural Disorders
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Mediastinal and Pleural Disorders
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Mediastinal Masses
Etiology
Adults
Children
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Mediastinitis
Esophageal perforation
Median sternotomy
Chronic fibrosing mediastinitis
Reference
Pleural Effusion
Etiology
Etiology reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Presence of effusion
Cause of effusion
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Parapneumonic effusion and empyema
Malignant pleural effusion
Treatment reference
Key Points
Pleural Fibrosis and Calcification
Postinflammatory
Asbestos-related
Pneumomediastinum
Treatment
Pneumothorax
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Complications
Prevention
Prevention references
Key Points
Viral Pleuritis