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Professional
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MSD Manual
Professional Version
MEDICAL TOPICS
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MEDICAL TOPICS
RESOURCES
Professional
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Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
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Neck and Back Pain
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Neck and Back Pain
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Evaluation of Neck and Back Pain
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Common causes
Serious uncommon causes
Other uncommon causes
Evaluation
General
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Analgesics
Cervical and lumbar stabilization and exercise
Heat and cold
Corticosteroids
Muscle relaxants
Rest and immobilization
Spinal manipulation
Reassurance
Geriatrics Essentials: Neck and Back Pain
Key Points
Atlantoaxial Subluxation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cervical Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conservative treatment
Invasive procedures
Key Points
Lumbar Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conservative treatment
Invasive procedures
Key Points
Cervical Spinal Stenosis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Sciatica
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Spondylolisthesis