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Medication	Selected Adverse Effects	Comments
Dihydropyridines
AmlodipineAmlodipine	Dizziness, flushing, headache, weakness, nausea, heartburn, peripheral edema, tachycardia Possible gingival hyperplasia with chronic use	Contraindicated in heart failure, possibly except for amlodipineContraindicated in heart failure, possibly except for amlodipine Use of short-acting nifedipine possibly associated with higher rate of myocardial infarctionUse of short-acting nifedipine possibly associated with higher rate of myocardial infarction
FelodipineFelodipine
IsradipineIsradipine
NicardipineNicardipine
Nicardipine, sustained-releaseNicardipine, sustained-release
Nifedipine, extended-releaseNifedipine, extended-release
NisoldipineNisoldipine
Nondihydropyridines
Diltiazem, sustained-releaseDiltiazem, sustained-release	Headache, dizziness, asthenia, flushing, peripheral edema, bradycardia; possibly liver dysfunction Possible gingival hyperplasia with chronic use Verapamil: ConstipationVerapamil: Constipation	Contraindicated in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction due to negative inotropic effects, in sinus node dysfunction, or in greater than first-degree atrioventricular block
Diltiazem, extended-releaseDiltiazem, extended-release
VerapamilVerapamil
Verapamil, sustained-releaseVerapamil, sustained-release