Causes of Obstructive Uropathy
Location | Examples |
|---|---|
Anatomic abnormalities | |
Bladder | Contracture of the vesical neck |
Ureters | Polyp Stricture |
Urethra | Abnormal anterior or posterior valve Diverticulum Injury (eg, due to pelvic fracture or straddle injury) Meatal stenosis Stricture (inflammatory, traumatic, or malignant) |
Compression due to extrinsic masses or processes | |
Female reproductive system | Pelvic abscess Gartner duct cyst Pregnancy Tubo-ovarian abscess |
Gastrointestinal tract | Appendiceal abscess Crohn disease (via inflammation or abscess) Cyst Diverticular abscess Tumor |
Genitourinary tract | Periurethral or prostatic abscess |
Blood vessels | Aberrant blood vessels Aneurysm Puerperal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis Retrocaval ureter |
Retroperitoneum | Fibrosis (idiopathic, surgical, drug-induced) Hematoma Lymphocele Lymphoma Metastatic tumor (eg, breast, prostate, testicular) Pelvic lipomatosis Tuberculosis |
Functional abnormalities | |
Bladder | Bladder neck dysfunction Drug-induced bladder dysfunction (eg, by anticholinergic medications) Nervous system dysfunction causing neurogenic bladder |
Ureters | Ureteropelvic or ureterovesical junction dysfunction |
Mechanical obstruction of the lumen of the urinary tract | |
Renal pelvis or ureters | Blood clot Fungus ball Sloughed renal papillae |
Renal tubule | Acute urate nephropathy (caused by uric acid crystals) |