Xeroderma is ordinary dry skin.
(See also Itching.)
Normal skin owes its soft, pliable texture to its water content. To help protect against water loss, the outer layer of skin contains oil, which slows evaporation and holds moisture in the deeper layers of skin. If the oil is depleted, the skin becomes dry. Dry skin, unless it is an inherited disorder or is caused by another condition, is called xeroderma.
Dry skin is common, especially among people past middle age. Risk factors for dry skin include
Cold, dry weather
Frequent bathing, particularly if using harsh soaps
Older age
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Bathing washes away surface oils, allowing the skin to dry out. Dry skin may become irritated and often itches. Sometimes it sloughs off in small flakes and scales. Scaling most often affects the lower legs.
Rubbing or scratching dry skin can lead to infection and scarring.
Diagnosis of Dry Skin
A doctor's examination of the skin
Doctors diagnose dry skin when they see dry, mildly to moderately scaly skin that comes off in small flakes.
Treatment of Dry Skin
Moisturizers
Other measures to prevent dryness
The key to treating dry skin is keeping the skin moist.
Taking fewer baths and using lukewarm instead of hot water allows protective oils to remain on the skin.
Harsh soaps, detergents, and the perfumes in some moisturizers irritate the skin and may further dry it.
