honeypot link
skip to main content
Professional
Consumer
Consumer edition active
ENGLISH
MSD Manual
Consumer Version
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
SYMPTOMS
EMERGENCIES
RESOURCES
COMMENTARY
ABOUT US
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
SYMPTOMS
EMERGENCIES
RESOURCES
COMMENTARY
Home
/
Liver and Gallbladder Disorders
/
Liver and Gallbladder Disorders
Expand all
Collapse all
Biology of the Liver and Gallbladder
Overview of the Liver and Gallbladder
Liver
Functions of the Liver
Blood Supply of the Liver
Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
Effects of Aging on the Liver
Manifestations of Liver Disease
Overview of Liver Disease
Ascites
Causes
Symptoms
Complications of ascites
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cholestasis
Causes
Within the liver
Outside the liver
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Fatty Liver
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Jaundice in Adults
Causes
Hepatitis
Alcohol-related liver disease
Bile duct obstruction
Other causes of jaundice
Diagnosis
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Essentials in Older People: Jaundice
Key Points
Liver Failure
Complications
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Dietary restriction
Acute liver failure
Liver transplantation
Portal Hypertension
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control of bleeding
Portosystemic shunting
Liver transplantation
Diagnosis of Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Disorders
Liver Blood Tests
Imaging Tests of the Liver and Gallbladder
Ultrasonography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
Operative Cholangiography
Radionuclide (Radioisotope) Scanning
X-rays of the Liver and Biliary Tract
Biopsy of the Liver
Percutaneous liver biopsy
Transvenous liver biopsy
Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
Risk Factors
Alcohol consumption
Sex
Genetic makeup
Obesity
Other factors
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Stopping drinking (abstinence)
Medications
Treatment of symptoms and complications
Treatments for liver damage
Prognosis
More Information
Blood Vessel Disorders of the Liver
Overview of Blood Vessel Disorders of the Liver
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Congestive Hepatopathy
Ischemic Cholangiopathy
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Ischemic Hepatitis
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Portal Vein Thrombosis
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome of the Liver
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Drugs and the Liver
Drugs and the Liver
More Information
Effects of Liver Disorders on Drugs
More Information
Liver Injury Caused by Drugs
Medicinal herbs and the liver
Risk factors
Classification
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Liver damage caused by drugs
Liver damage from other causes
Treatment
Prevention
More Information
Fibrosis and Cirrhosis of the Liver
Fibrosis of the Liver
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Causes
Symptoms
Complications of cirrhosis
Diagnosis
Laboratory tests
Liver imaging tests
Liver biopsy
Monitoring
Treatment
Treating causes
Treating complications
Liver transplantation
Prognosis
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
More Information
Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Overview of Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
More Information
Cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis
Chronic cholecystitis
Symptoms
Acute cholecystitis
Acalculous cholecystitis
Chronic cholecystitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hospitalization
Cholecystectomy
Pain after surgery
More Information
Gallstones
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Gallstones in the gallbladder
Gallstones in the bile ducts
More Information
Biliary Pain Without Gallstones
More Information
Narrowing of the Bile Ducts Due to AIDS
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tumors of the Bile Ducts and Gallbladder
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Hepatitis
Overview of Hepatitis
Causes
Overview of Acute Viral Hepatitis
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Vaccines and immune globulin
Other preventive measures
Overview of Chronic Hepatitis
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Screening for liver cancer
Treatment
Hepatitis B and C
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis
Treatment of complications
Liver transplantation
Hepatitis A
Transmission of hepatitis A
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Prevention after exposure to hepatitis A
More Information
Hepatitis B, Acute
Transmission of hepatitis B
Chronic hepatitis B
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
More Information
Hepatitis B, Chronic
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Screening for liver cancer
Treatment
More Information
Hepatitis C, Acute
Transmission of hepatitis C
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
More Information
Hepatitis C, Chronic
Symptoms
Screening
Diagnosis
Screening for liver cancer
Treatment
More Information
Hepatitis D
Transmission of hepatitis D
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Hepatitis E
Transmission of hepatitis E
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Tumors of the Liver
Overview of Liver Tumors
Cysts
More Information
Hemangiomas of the Liver
More Information
Hepatic Granulomas
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Hepatocellular Adenoma
More Information
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Staging
Screening
Treatment
Prognosis
Prevention
More Information
Metastatic Liver Cancer
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Other Primary Liver Cancers
Other Primary Liver Cancers
Cholangiocarcinoma
Fibrolamellar carcinoma
Hepatoblastoma
Angiosarcoma
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
