Fundamentals

Expand allCollapse all

The Human Body

• Introduction to the Human Body

• Cells
  • Structure of cells
  • Function of cells

• Tissues and Organs

• Organ Systems
  • Organ systems working together

• Barriers on the Outside and the Inside

• Mind-Body Interactions

• Anatomy and Disease

Death and Dying

• Introduction to Death and Dying
  • More Information

• Time Course of Dying
  • Communicating with a dying person

• Choices to Make Before Death
  • Choosing a health care team for end-of-life care
  • Choosing to donate organs after death

• Treatment Options at the End of Life
  • Feeding tubes
  • Resuscitation
  • Location
  • Making choices known

• Hospice Care and Palliative Care
  • Hospice Care
  • Palliative Care
  • More Information

• Symptoms During a Fatal Illness
  • Pain
  • Shortness of Breath
  • Digestive Tract Problems
    • Dry mouth
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Constipation
    • Difficulty swallowing
    • Loss of appetite
  • Incontinence
  • Pressure Sores
  • Fatigue
  • Depression and Anxiety
  • Confusion and Unconsciousness
  • Stress
  • Frailty, Dementia, and Neuromuscular Diseases

• Financial Concerns at the End of Life

• Legal and Ethical Concerns at the End of Life
  • Advance directives
  • Suicide
  • More Information

• Acceptance of Death and Dying

• When Death Is Near

• When Death Occurs

Exercise and Fitness

• Overview of Exercise
  • Exercise Programs
  • More Information

• Benefits of Exercise
  • Other reasons for exercise

• Starting an Exercise Program
  • Screening for sports participation
  • Type of Exercise
    • Aerobic exercise
    • Strength training
    • Stretching and flexibility
    • Balance training
  • Workload and Variation

• Exercising Safely
  • Warming up
  • Cooling down
  • Hydration

• Choosing the Right Exercise
  • Walking
  • Swimming
  • Bicycling
  • Aerobic dancing
  • Step aerobics
  • Water aerobics
  • Cross-country skiing
  • Rowing
  • Strength training
  • Pilates
  • Tai chi
  • Yoga
  • Elliptical machines
  • Other activities

• Exercise in Older Adults
  • Exercise program

Genetics

• Genes and Chromosomes
  • Genes
    • DNA
    • Synthesizing proteins
    • Coding
    • Transcription and translation
    • Control of gene expression
    • Replication
    • Mutation
  • Chromosomes
    • Pairing
    • Sex chromosomes
    • Chromosome abnormalities
    • Mitochondrial chromosomes
  • Traits
  • Genetic Disorders

• Inheritance of Single-Gene Disorders
  • Penetrance and expressivity
  • Inheritance Patterns
    • Non–X-Linked (Autosomal) Inheritance
    • X-Linked Inheritance
    • Sex-Limited Inheritance
    • Abnormal Mitochondrial Genes

• Genetic Diagnostic Technologies
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
  • Gene probes
  • DNA microarrays (DNA chips)
  • Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH)
  • Next-generation sequencing technologies

• Uses of Genetics
  • Understanding disorders
  • Diagnosing disorders
  • Diagnosing genetic disorders before birth
  • Responding to drugs
  • Treating diseases
  • More Information

• Gene Therapy
  • Viral transfection
  • Liposomes
  • Antisense technology
  • Chemical modification
  • Transplantation therapy
  • CRISPR-CAS9

• Ethical Controversies in Genetics
  • Cloning
  • Gene Editing

Legal and Ethical Issues

• Overview of Legal and Ethical Issues in Health Care

• Capacity to Make Health Care Decisions
  • Legal incapacity (or incompetency)
  • Clinical incapacity
  • More Information

• Informed Consent
  • Refusing care

• Advance Directives
  • Living Will
    • Examples of language
    • Limitations
  • Health Care Power of Attorney

• Default Surrogate Decision Making
  • Adults
  • Children
  • Legal Standard for Making Medical Decisions

• Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Orders
  • Portable Medical Orders

• Confidentiality and HIPAA

• Medical Malpractice

Making the Most of Health Care

• Introduction to Making the Most of Health Care

• The Primary Health Care Professional

• When to See a Doctor
  • Routine visits
  • Visits for a problem
  • Visits to the emergency department

• Making the Most of a Health Care Visit
  • First visit
  • Subsequent visits

• Using Telemedicine
  • How to make the most of telemedicine

• Getting a Second Opinion

• Handling Medical Records

• Researching a Disorder

Prevention

• Overview of Preventive Care
  • More Information

• Tools of Prevention
  • Healthy Lifestyle
  • Vaccination
  • Screening
  • Preventive Medication Therapy

• Prevention in Older Adults
  • Lifestyle
  • Medications and vaccines
  • Injury prevention
  • Driving

Rehabilitation

• Overview of Rehabilitation
  • Setting
  • Goals

• Occupational Therapy (OT)
  • Assistive devices
  • More Information

• Physical Therapy (PT)
  • Range-of-motion exercises
  • Muscle-strengthening exercises
  • Coordination and balance exercises
  • Ambulation exercises
  • General conditioning exercises
  • Transfer training
  • Tilt table
  • More Information

• Treatment of Pain and Inflammation
  • Heat therapy
  • Low-level laser therapy (cold laser)
  • Cold therapy (cryotherapy)
  • Electrical stimulation
  • Traction
  • Massage
  • Acupuncture

• Rehabilitation for Blindness
  • More Information

• Rehabilitation After a Brain Injury
  • More Information

• Rehabilitation for Heart Disorders
  • More Information

• Rehabilitation After a Hip Fracture

• Rehabilitation After Limb Amputation
  • Arm (upper-limb) amputation
  • Leg (lower-limb) amputation
  • Care of the residual limb (stump)
  • Pain
  • More Information

• Rehabilitation for Speech Disorders
  • Aphasia
  • Dysarthria
  • Verbal apraxia

• Rehabilitation After a Spinal Injury
  • More Information

• Rehabilitation for Other Disorders
  • Chronic pain
  • Arthritis
  • Foot drop
  • Rehabilitation for nerve damage after a critical illness