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Professional
Consumer
MSD Manual
Professional Version
MEDICAL TOPICS
RESOURCES
NEWS
PROCEDURES
QUIZZES
ABOUT US
MEDICAL TOPICS
RESOURCES
NEWS
Professional
/
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
/
Fluid Metabolism
/
Fluid Metabolism
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Water and Sodium Balance
Osmotic forces
Water intake and excretion
Overview of Disorders of Fluid Volume
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis
Other natriuretic factors
Sodium depletion and excess
Volume Depletion
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Volume Overload
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment