Моторні та рефлекторні ефекти дисфункції спинного мозку за сегментарним рівнем
Location of Lesion* | Possible Effects |
|---|---|
At or above C5 | Respiratory paralysis Quadriplegia |
Between C5 and C6 | Paralysis of legs, wrists, and hands Weakness of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion Loss of biceps jerk reflex Loss of brachioradialis deep tendon reflex |
Between C6 and C7 | Paralysis of legs, wrists, and hands, but shoulder movement and elbow flexion usually possible |
Between C7 and C8 | Loss of triceps jerk reflex Paralysis of trunk, legs, and hands |
Between C8 to T1 | Horner syndrome (constricted pupil, ptosis, facial anhidrosis) Paralysis of legs |
Between T1 and conus medullaris | Paralysis of legs |
* Abbreviations refer to vertebrae; the cord is shorter than the spine, so that moving down the spine, cord segments and vertebral levels are increasingly out of alignment. At all levels of cord injury, deep tendon reflexes are altered (initially decreased and later becoming brisk) below the level of the lesion, bowel and bladder control is lost, and sensation is lost below the level of injury. | |