Поширені причини коми або порушення свідомості
Cause | Examples |
|---|---|
Focal | |
Structural disorders | Head trauma (eg, concussion, cerebral lacerations or contusions, epidural or subdural hematoma) Hydrocephalus (acute) Intraparenchymal hemorrhage Cortex or upper brain stem infarct or hemorrhage |
Nonstructural disorders | Seizures (eg, nonconvulsive status epilepticus) or a postictal state caused by an epileptogenic focus |
Diffuse | |
Metabolic, hypoxic or ischemic, and endocrine disorders | Hypercapnia Hyperglycemia Hypocalcemia (rarely) Hypoxia/ischemia Respiratory failure or heart failure Uremia |
Infections | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) Other infections including bacterial, viral, and parasitic |
Other disorders | Diffuse axonal injury Hypertensive encephalopathy |
Medications and illicit drugs | Anesthetics (eg, propofol) Antipsychotic medications if they cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome CNS stimulants (eg, cocaine) Opioid and related analgesics Other CNS depressants Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors if they cause release of excess serotonin (serotonin syndrome) |
Toxins | |
CNS = central nervous system. | |