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MSD Manual
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Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
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Heart Failure
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Heart Failure
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Heart Failure (HF)
Types of heart failure
Causes
Cardiac causes of heart failure
Non-cardiac causes of heart failure
Compensatory Mechanisms
Hormonal responses
Kidney responses
Enlargement of the heart
Symptoms
Right-sided heart failure symptoms
Left-sided heart failure symptoms
Symptoms of severe heart failure
Diagnosis
Chest x-ray
Electrocardiography
Echocardiography
Blood tests
Other tests
Prevention
Treatment
General measures
Treatment of the cause
Lifestyle changes
Drugs for heart failure
Other measures
Treatment of acute heart failure
End-of-life issues
More Information
Drug Treatment for Heart Failure
Aldosterone antagonists
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Digoxin
Diuretics
Sinus node inhibitors
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2s)
Vasodilators
Other drugs used for heart failure
Cor Pulmonale
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment